The Role and Function of the Fool in King Lear - 2999 Words

Explore the role and function of ‘The Fool in ‘King Lear The Fool in ‘King Lear is a William Shakespeare creation. Shakespeare has the ability to reveal a human character with an exceptional use of language. He allows us to see more than just words on the paper; were given a multi dimensional insight into a character. Usually his characters arent as straight-forward as black or white, they are invariably more complex. Edmund for example, its easy to present him as the villain but Shakespeare also shows us a sorry side to him as he attempts an apology before he dies. Shakespeare has given us concrete images of things that are inexpressible, such as love. To articulate a multi- faceted view of a person and present it concisely with†¦show more content†¦The Fool also likes to remind Lear that he has not only failed himself but his people too. ‘So out went the candle and we were left darkling Lear was the light of the state now he has abdicated the light has gone out and hes let his people down by leaving them in the incapabl e hands of his two daughters. Eventually the Fool gets a glimmer of hope back from Lear when he realises his mistakes. ‘I did her wrong he says about Cordelia. At this point the Fool switches back to being light hearted as he realises stressing the point would only bring Lear down. Some critics say The Fool is responsible for pushing Lear over the edge. I like to think it was necessary for Lear to go through madness so he can truly appreciate the consequences of his actions. The Fool was helping Lear to ‘see better. Finally Lears conscience catches up with him at least to an extent when he says ‘poor fool and knave I have one part in my heart thats sorry for thee. The Fools sarcasm is blunt and hard hitting, just like Cordelias truth was in the ‘love test. ‘I am better than thou art now I am a fool thou art nothing. The Fool is one of the Truth tellers in the play. Cordelia and Kent being the other two. However the fool doesnt get punished for it like the others do. This is mainly due to the way he articulates himself and what traditionally the role of the fool is. The main role of the fool was to entertain. Yet theyShow MoreRelatedRole Of A Fool Or Jester During Elizabethan Times1351 Words   |  6 PagesThe role of a fool or jester during Elizabethan times were to entertain everyone at court, especially the King. The fool would sing, dance, make jokes and make a fool of himself. In Shakespeare’s King Lear, the fool has many roles. When Lear banishes Cordelia from his kingdom, the fool in a way takes on Cordelia s role. He is not only a fool, but through his sarcasm and irony, he becomes the king s loyal advocate by pointing out the king’s shortcomings. The fool is the only one who is able to criticizeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s A Midsummer Night s Dream And Fool1401 Words   |  6 PagesThe Shakespearean fool is a recurring character type in the works of William Shakespeare. While their individual personalities and func tions differ from play to play, the reoccurrence of the Shakespearean fool suggests that fools serve as an important institution of the Shakespearean stage. But what is the role of the Shakespeare’s fools in his works? And how do particular characteristics about these fools help them achieve this purpose? Through an in-depth analysis of Shakespeare’s arguably twoRead MoreThe Role of the Fool in King Lear Essay2177 Words   |  9 Pages Alison Dew Explore the role of the fool in King Lear. In Elizabethan times, the role of a fool, or court jester, was to professionally entertain others, specifically the king. In essence, fools were hired to make mistakes. Fools may have been mentally retarded youths kept for the court’s amusement, or more often they were singing, dancing stand up comedians. In William Shakespeare’s King Lear the fool plays many important roles. When Cordelia, Lear’s only well-intentioned daughter, is banishedRead MoreDivine Justice In King Lear And Antigone1619 Words   |  7 PagesCreon to establish a predominant theme of God versus man. During the Elizabethan era/Pre-Christian world, divine justice was a major concept in King Lear because religion played a substantial role in everyday life. Divine justice is belief that a higher power has all the answers to life’s questions, and that good triumphs over evil. In the works of King Lear and Antigone divine justice is a standard of living. Good does not triumph over evil thro ughout any of these works especially without the honorableRead More Action and Observation in Shakespeares King Lear Essay2306 Words   |  10 PagesAction and Observation in King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Auden once asserted that Shakespearean tragedy is necessarily parabolic, pertaining to the only myth that Christianity possesses: that of the unrepentant thief. We as the spectators are thus implicated in the action since each of us is in danger of re-enacting [this story] in his own way.1 The sufferings of the hero could be our own sufferings, whereas in Greek tragedy, such a notion is precluded precisely because the misfortunes of a characterRead MoreAnalysis of the Skeleton Character in the Film Black Orpheus is Death1282 Words   |  5 Pageshis wonderful musical ability) function as the chief drama in this story, and set up the immense disappointment that makes this melancholy tale of legendary proportions. A legend is a story passed down through generations with some historical basis. All of this drama, and the very climax of the movie, is actually set up by the actions of the skeleton man who chases Eurydice onto the power cable which eventually killed her. The child dancers play a very vital role in this film, and help to symbolizeRead More The Importance of the Earl of Kent in Shakespeares King Lear1487 Words   |  6 PagesThe Importance of the Earl of Kent in King Lear   Ã‚   The Earl of Kent plays a small but important part in Shakespeares play King Lear. From the beginning scenes to the end we see a minor character that is used to show the values that Shakespeare believed in. Whether Kent is an example of the dutiful servant or plays the intermediary between Lear and Cordelia he is essential to the functioning of the plot.    The role of Kent is important because of the use Shakespeare has for his characterRead MoreAnalyzing the Characteristics of Kind Lear Essay4690 Words   |  19 PagesCharacteristics of Kind Lear Lear is the protagonist, whose willingness to believe his older daughters’ empty flattery leads to the deaths of many people. In relying on the test of his daughters’ love, Lear demonstrates that he lacks common sense or the ability to detect his older daughters’ falseness. Lear cannot recognize Cordelia’s honesty amid the flattery, which he craves. The depth of Lear’s anger toward Kent, his devoted follower, suggests excessive pride—Lear refuses to beRead More The Role of Femininity in Shakespeares Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear2337 Words   |  10 PagesThe Role of Femininity in Shakespeares Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear similarly experience an unhooking (Tompkins) in the eponymous plays. These tragic figures struggle with internal and external femininity: after realizing their emotions and labeling them feminine, they identify women as the source of this negative femininity. Their inability to deal with the female gender in any form destabilizes their masculinity, causing an unhooking/unlatching within themRead MoreLove, Friendship, Loyalty in William Shakespeares Midsummer Nights Dream and King Lear2661 Words   |  11 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s (1564-1616) attempt to explore themes of love, friendship and loyalty in his plays, A Midsummer Night’s Dream (1600) and King Lear (1603-1606), there is distinct and constant portrayal of these themes classified of inconsistencies. It is crucial to understand that the historical context of Shakespeare’s writing is important in grasping a true understanding of the inconsistencies that exists in love, f riendship and loyalty. Writing during the time of the renaissance, Shakespeare’s

Scientific Management Essay - 1637 Words

Scientific Management This essay will critically evaluate the scientific management’s importance and its contribution in the current management context. In this era of rapid economic development and industrial expansion of different nations, scientific management has enabled every nation to be involved in this global market. Scientific management is the theory which serves as the ‘backbone’ to many current management theories. Scientific management will be briefly described initially. After that, the essay will identify why scientific management is an important contribution to management theory when Frederick Taylor proposed it. Finally, the essay will investigate why scientific management continues to be significant in this rapid†¦show more content†¦If the task requires taller and huge-sized workers to perform, they should be selected in terms of size and height. This will ensure that the tasks are performed by the suitable workers only. The managers should always cooperate with their employees well to ensure their work is properly done. The efficient and correct way of doing the tasks should be taught to the employees to ensure all tasks are performed efficiently without any mistakes that cause delay in time and wastage. The work and responsibility should be divided properly according to the talents and ability of the employees. Tasks will be performed efficiently if the employees have the ability to perform them. Before Frederick Taylor proposed scientific management, the management theory at that time was not efficient enough to initiate the manufacturing process (Wren, 1994, p. 107). There were no factories or assembly lines to produce massive product in a short time. Wren (1994, p. 107) pointed out that the industry was suffering bad conditions such as worker restriction of output, poor management system and lack of harmony between workers and managers. Taylor proposed his theory to solve the bad situation at that time. The following are the reasons of why scientific management was an important contribution to management theory when Taylor proposed it. Firstly, Taylor solved the problem of soldiering. Soldiering was the main reason which restricted theShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Scientific Management1633 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this essay is to research, analyse and assess the theory of scientific management, which was revolutionised by Frederick Winslow Taylor in 1887 (A.Huczynski, 2010) and to critically evaluate the benefits and pitfalls of his theory. This theory Taylor developed is known as Taylorism and has been used commonly in various structures of organisation. Comparisons shall be drawn to other theories and advancements of this theory, such as Fordism and Toyotism, which was extremely popular inRead MoreThe Principles Of Scientific Management3291 Words   |  14 PagesTHE PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT (TAYLORISM) STUDENT NAME : SOWMITH VATSAVAI ROLL NO : 120908246 BRANCH : INDUSTRIAL AND PRODUCTION ENGG. E-MAIL ID : SOWMITH.V@GMAIL.COM CONTACT NO : 09740459479 INDEX Sl.no Contents Page No. 1 Fundamentals 2 2 Introduction 5 3 Experimentation 6 4 Principles 9 5 Conclusion 15 6 References 16 â€Æ' 1.Fundamentals of Scientific Management 1.1 Introduction Read MoreScientific Management2246 Words   |  9 PagesSCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT AND CONTRIBUTION TO ECONOMY Scientific management is a theory of management that analysis and synthesizes workflows, with the objective of improving labour productivity. The core ideas of the theory were developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s, and were first published in his monographs, Shop Management (1905) and The Principles of Scientific Management (1911). He began trying to discover a way for workers to increase their efficiency when he was the forepersonRead MoreScientific Management2016 Words   |  9 PagesScientific management (also called Taylorism, the Taylor system, or the Classical Perspective) is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflow processes, improving labor productivity. The core ideas of the theory were developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s, and were first published in his monographs, Shop Management (1905) and The Principles of Scientific Management (1911).[1] Taylor believed that decisions based upon tradition and rules of thumb should be replacedRead MoreThe Principles Of Scientific Management1337 Words   |  6 Pagescentury ago, Frederick Winslow Taylor’s renowned work The Principles of Scientific Management set forth a theory that to this day is subjected to a similar degree of critique and debate to that in the early 20th century. While Taylor’s ideas were evidently influenced by the works of earlier researchers, it is he who is credited as the â€Å"father† of the scientific management movement (Jeacle, 2004, p. 1164). As such, scientific management itself is synonymous with Taylor to the extent that it is commonlyRead MoreThe Advantages Of Scientific Management Essay1594 Words   |  7 PagesIn the early 20th Century, Frederick Winslow Taylor revolutionised work in factories through the development of his new form of management; Scientific management. It is a method of worker management that involves scientifically finding the best way to divide labour and to do each ind ividual job as easily as possible, and finding the best person for that job. It is done through removing the control of production from the workers and putting it in the hands of the managers, who oversee the processRead MorePrinciples of Scientific Management1149 Words   |  5 PagesScientific Management is a theory of management that analyzed and synthesized workflows. Its main objective was improving economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. It was one of the earliest attempts to apply science to the engineering of processes and to management. Its development began with Frederick Winslow Taylor in the 1880s and 1890s within the manufacturing industries. Taylor was an American mechanical engineer and a management consultant in his later years. He is often calledRead MoreThe Scientific Management of Taylor1493 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Taylor used valuable knowledge into work practice, as the appearance of scientific management, the productivity of all the developed countries increased nearly 50 times (Zuo, 2007). In the meanwhile, whether the scientific management is suitable for modern age has sparked much debate. Some people assert that scientific have some limitations. Therefore, this essay tends to analyze several parts of scientific management, some problems caused by it and whether it is suitable to the modern enterprisesRead MoreThe Principles Of Scientific Management2994 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction Good management can be defined as the optimal use of available resources to increase an organisation s efficiency and effectiveness in meeting its objectives (Garg, 2013). Scientific management has been the dominant model for many years, but its usefulness for meeting modern organisational challenges may be limited. This paper examines the principles of scientific management, the degree to which it is applied in contemporary organisations, its utility for addressing modern challengesRead MoreThe Emergence Of Scientific Management1300 Words   |  6 PagesThe emergence of scientific management Frederick W. Taylor is called the father of scientific management who is world famous through his book named â€Å"The Principles of Scientific Management†. â€Å"The Principles of Scientific Management† was first published in the early 20th century. Through his work, Frederick W. Taylor described that the process of scientific management can increase total worker organizational efficiency. The theory of scientific management was not invented by one day. It took many

Music Pathway free essay sample

I never knew that the activity I fell in love with end up being my reason to live. In sixth grade I joined percussion in middle school. My percussion director told me that I could have a potential career in music and a few years later, he proceeded to sit with me and discuss careers. Now, as a junior in high school, I want to follow his footsteps. My freshman year of high school, my director asked to talk to me in his office. For the first time, I walked in and the smell of old carpet and Reese’s Peanut Butter Cups overwhelmed the room. There was a mallet bag stuffed with different colored mallets in it behind his door, an old Marimba One bar in a wooden show case, a white couch only big enough for two people to sit on, and a wooden book shelf filled with different percussion books and movies. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Pathway or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I thought to myself, â€Å"I want my office to be like this. Full of life, cluttered, but organized in a way to where I would know exactly where things were.† He goes behind his desk in a spinning chair and I sit on the little white couch up against the window. â€Å"I thought you would like my office.† He said. As he proceeded to talk about everything in his office I just kept wondering why he called me in there. Once he realized that I had stopped listening five minutes earlier, he asked me if I ever thought of becoming a percussion director. My response, â€Å"Of course.† His face turned into a giant grin that looked like a cartoon because it was so big. â€Å"Really?† he said as he started to chuckle. Once I said that music education had a good chance for my future career path, he asked me why and my response to him was, â€Å"because of you.† After I said that, he just started rambling on-and-on how great it was to pursue a career in music education. For once, I felt like I actually understood what life was all about. He told me about college and what my options were for majors and undergrads and how I should be excited how he can help me about my future career. He then said he would always be a person that I could trust if I needed to talk to someone and that he would always support me and my career decisions. I felt like an open field with blue skies, white clouds, and fresh cut grass on a sunny day. I then knew that his impact on me helped make a decision to pursue a career in music education. As he said that we were done talking for now, I started to walk into the band hall which smelled like spit, old carpet, food, and a thirty year old locker room all at the same time. A huge cluster of people drug me into their circle and brought me into another conversation. From then on my life changed. My days brightened a little and my relationship with my director grew. He is the reason not only percussion, but music is my passion and the right career path for me.

Noice Pollution Effects Essay Example

Noice Pollution Effects Paper Tinnitus may be temporary or may become permanent after prolonged exposure. [l] The eventual results of hearing losses are loneliness, depression, impaired speech discrimination, impaired school and job performance, limited job opportunities, and a sense of isolation. [3,1 9,20] In 2001 , it was estimated that 12. 5% of American children between the ages of 6 to 19 years had impaired hearing in one or both ears. 21] As many as 80% of elementary school children use personal music players, many for extended periods of time and at potentially dangerous volume settings. CA]There is little doubt that the use of consumer products, which produce increasingly high levels of noise and which are used with headsets or earphones, is growing and may well be responsible for the impaired hearing that is being seen with growing frequency in younger people. [1 9,22-24] This form of noise is largely unregulated, despite warnings by the manufacturers. In the young, hearing loss affects communication, cognition, behavior, social- emotional development, academic outcomes, and later vocational opportunities. [J These effects have been well documented in a number of large scale investigations in children. [23] Leisure-time exposure, which is generally unregulated, is increasing in other ways as well with resultant adverse effects. In a recent survey, a majority of young adults reported having experienced tinnitus or impaired hearing after exposure to loud music at concerts or in clubs. Very few (8%) considered loss of hearing a significant problem. Many of the respondents said they would be motivated to use ear protection if they were aware of the potential of armament hearing loss (66%) or if such protection were advised by a medical professional Those working in clubs, bars, and other places of entertainment are also at risk. It is well known that rock musicians free neatly have noise-induced hearing loss. Apart from the musicians themselves, employees of music clubs, where noise frequently exceeds safe levels, are at risk. 26] Thus, nearly a third of students who worked part time (bar staff or security staff) in a university entertainment venue were found to have permanent hearing loss of more than 30 db. [27] The WHO recommends that unprotected exposure to sound levels greater than 1 00 db (for example, the sound of a jackhammer or a snowmobile) should be limited in duration (4 h) and frequency (four times/yr). [l] The threshold for pain is usually given as 140 db, a level readily achieved in todays boom-cars. We will write a custom essay sample on Noice Pollution Effects specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Noice Pollution Effects specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Noice Pollution Effects specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Impulse noise exposure (gunfire and similar sources of intense noise of brief duration) should never exceed 140 db in adults and 120 db in children. Firecrackers, cap pistols, and other toys can generate sufficient sound levels to cause sudden and permanent hearing loss. [1 9] Levels greater Han 165 db, even for a few milliseconds, are likely to cause acute cochlear damage. [l] It is important to remember to counsel patients that ears do not get used to loud noise. As the League for the Hard of Hearing notes-they get deaf. Interrupted sleep is known to be a prerequisite for good physiologic and mental functioning in healthy individuals. [28] Environmental noise is one of the major causes of disturbed sleep. [l , 1 0] When sleep disruption becomes chronic, the results are mood changes, decrements in performance, and other long-term effects on health and well-being. 3] Much recent research has focused on noise from aircraft, roadways, and trains. It is known, for example, that continuo us noise in excess of 30 db disturbs sleep. For intermittent noise, the probability of being awakened increases with the number of noise events per night. L] The primary sleep disturbances are difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, waking too early, and alterations in sleep stages and depth, especially a reduction in ERM sleep. Apart from various effects on sleep itself, noise during sleep causes increased blood pressure, increased heart rate, increased pulse amplitude, vasoconstriction, changes in respiration, cardiac arrhythmias, and increased body movement-[28] For each Of these, the threshold and response relationships may be different. Some of these effects (waking, for example) diminish with repeated exposure; others, particularly cardiovascular responses, do not. 29] Secondary effects (so-called after effects) measured the following day include fatigue, depressed mood and well-being, and decreased performance. [30] Decreased alertness leading to accidents, injuries, and death has also been attributed to lack of sleep and corrupted circadian rhythms. [31] Long-term psychosocial effects have been related to nocturnal noise. Noise annoyance during the night increases total noise annoyance for the following 24 hours. Particularly sensitive groups include the elderly, shift workers, persons vulnerable to physical or mental disorders, and those with sleep disorders. L] Other factors that influence the problem of night-time noise include its occurrence in residential areas with low background noise levels and combinations of noise and vibration such as produced by trains or heavy trucks. Low frequency sound is more disturbing, even at very low sound pressure levels; these low frequency components appear to have a significant detrimental effect on health. [32] A growing body of evidence confirms that noise pollution has both temporary and permanent effects on humans (and other mammals) by way of the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems. It has been postulated that noise acts as a nonspecific biologic stresses eliciting reactions that prepare the body for a fight or flight response. [l For this reason, noise can trigger both endocrine and autonomic nervous system responses that affect the articulators system and thus may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. [l ,2,6,1 1,33-36] These effects begin to be seen with long-term daily exposure to noise levels above 65 db or with acute exposure to noise levels above 80 to 85 Acute exposure to noise activates nervous and hormonal responses, leading to temporary increases in blood pressure, heart rate, and vasoconstriction. Studies of individuals exposed to occupational or environmental noise show that exposure of sufficient intensity and duration increases heart rate and peripheral resistance, increases blood pressure, increases blood viscosity and levels of blood lipids, causes shifts in electrolytes, and increases levels of epinephrine, morphogenesis, and cortical-[3] Sudden unexpected noise evokes reflex responses as well. Cardiovascular disturbances are independent of sleep disturbances; noise that does not interfere with the sleep of subjects may still provoke autonomic responses and secretion of epinephrine, morphogenesis, and cortical. [29] These responses suggest that one can never completely get used to night-time noise. Temporary noise exposure produces readily reversible physiologic changes. However, noise exposure of sufficient intensity, duration, and unpredictability provokes changes that may not be so readily reversible. The studies that have been done on the effects of environmental noise have shown an association between noise exposure and subsequent cardiovascular disease. [l ,2,6,33-36] Even though the increased risk for noise-induced cardiovascular disease may be small, it assumes public health importance because both the number of people at risk and the noise to which they are exposed continue to increase. [l , 2] Children, the elderly, and those with underlying depression may be articulacy vulnerable to these effects because they may lack adequate coping mechanisms. L ]Children in noisy environments find the noise annoying and report a diminished quality of Noise levels above 80 db are associated with both an increase in aggressive behavior and a decrease in behavior helpful to others-[38-40] The news media regularly report violent behavior arising Out of disputes over noise; in many cases these disputes ended in injury or death. The aforementioned effects of noise may help explain some of the demutualization seen in the modern, congested, and noisy urban environment. ] The effects of noise pollution on cognitive task performance have been well- studied. Noise pollution impairs task performance at school and at work, increases errors, and decreases motivation. [11 ,41 Greening attention, problem solving, and memory are most strongly affected by noise. Two types of memory deficits have been identified under experimental conditions: recall of subject content and recall of incidental details. Both are adversely influenced by noise. Deficits in performance can lead to errors and accidents, both Of which have health and economic consequences. [l] Cognitive and language development and reading achievement are diminished in noisy homes, even though the childrens schools may be no noisier than average. [18] Cognitive development is impaired when homes or schools are near sources of noise such as highways and airports. [4,11] Noise affects learning, reading, problem solving, motivation, school performance, and social and emotional 0, 18,421 These findings suggest that more attention needs to be paid to the effects of noise on the ability of children to learn and on the nature of the learning environment, both in school and at home. Moreover, there is concern that high and continuous environmental noise may contribute to feelings of helplessness in children. [1 1, 18] Noise produces negative after-effects on performance, particularly in children. It appears that the longer the exposure, the greater the effect. Children from noisy areas have been found to have heightened sympathetic arousal indicated by increased levels of stress-related hormones and elevated resting blood pressure. 18] These changes were larger in children with lower academic achievement As a whole, these findings suggest that schools and care centers should be located in areas that are as noise-free as possible. [l] Annoyance is defined as a feeling of displeasure associated with any agent or condition believed by an individual to adversely affect him or her. Perhaps a better description of this response would be aversion or distress. Noise has been used as a noxious stimulus in a variety of studies because it produces the same kinds of effects as other stresses. 2] Annoyance increases significantly when noise is accompanied by vibration or by low frequency components. CA] The term annoyance does not begin to cover the wide range f negative reactions associated with noise pollution; these include anger, disappointment, dissatisfaction, withdrawal, helplessness, depression, anxiety, distraction, agitation, or exhaustion. Lack of perceived control over the noise intensifies these effects. [l ,10] Social and behavioral effects of noise exposure are complex, subtle, and indirect. These effects include changes in everyday behavior (egg, closing windows and doors to eliminate outside noises; avoiding the use of balconies, patios and yards; and turning up the volume of radios and television sets); changes in social behavior (egg, aggressiveness, unfriendliness, nonparticipating, or disengagement); and changes in social indicators (egg, residential mobility, hospital admissions, drug consumption, and accident rates); and changes in mood (increased reports Of Noise exposure per SE is not believed to produce aggressive behavior. However, in combination with provocation, preexisting anger or hostility, alcohol or other psychoactive agents, noise may trigger aggressive behavior. [38] Our news is filled with examples of this kind of behavior. The degree of annoyance produced by noise may vary with the time of day, the unpleasant characteristics of the noise, the duration and intensity of the Jose, the meaning associated with it, and the nature of the activity that the noise interrupted. L] Annoyance may be influenced by a variety of monastically factors including individual sensitivity to noise-[43] These include fear of the noise source, conviction that noise could be reduced by third parties, individual sensitivity, the degree to which an individual feels able to control the noise, and whether or not the noise originated from an important economic activity.