HistoricalACT Percentiles for 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, and 2011

HistoricalACT Percentiles for 2018, 2017, 2016, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, and 20 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips For those currently taking the ACT or who took it in 20-2018, you might wonder:how does your percentile compare with students who got the same score in other years?In this guide, I'll explain what percentiles are, how they work for the ACT, and why they matter. I'll also give you ACT percentile charts for 20-2018 so you can see how your scores stack up against historical ones. What Is an ACTPercentile Score? Before diving in, let's define what an ACT percentile is. First off, a percentile is not the same as a percentage score you get on a test in school (i.e., when you receive 85% on your biology test, you answered 85% of questions correctly). Rather, an ACT percentile score lets you know how you did in comparison with other test takers. This in turn makes your score easier to understand since the ACT uses a pretty ambiguous scale of 1-36. For instance, a 25th percentile score means you scored higher than 25% of ACT test takers, while a 98th percentile score means you scored higher than 98% of test takers. In short, the higher your percentile is, the better you did compared with others who took the ACT. For instance, on an easy in-class test (on which most students scored 90% or above), you could get a high test score like 91% and get a relatively low percentile like 10%. However, if the test were very hard for your class(e.g., only a few students scored above 20%),you could get a low test score like 28% and a relatively high percentile score like 95%. Percentile shifts tend not to be as extreme as this example since the ACT is equated,but I’ll discuss this more in-depth later on. Nonetheless,ACT percentiles are helpful for understanding your scaled scores,aspercentiles allow youto determine where you fall in comparison with other test takers. Do ACT Percentiles Change Over Time? Generally, for a specific scaled ACT score, the percentile of that score stays the same from year to year.That said, there can be some very slight changes (typically 3% at most from year to year). If you’re unsure how scaled ACT scores are determined,learn how to calculate your score. The reason there are only minimal percentile changes for a specific scaled score from year to year is that the ACT is equated to ensure the same curve on every test date. As anexample of the slight variation in percentile for a specific score, a score of 31 was the 96th percentile in 2014 but the 97th percentile in 2013. What does it mean for percentiles for each scaled score to stay about the same from year to year? As I mentioned earlier, ACT, Inc., tries to keep the score distributions the same so that onescaled score indicates the same level of ability across different test dates. For example, ascore of 32 means you scored better than around 97-98% of test takers in 2013 and 2016 (and any other year). Ultimately, thismeans that no one test date (or test year) is advantaged over another. All test dates are equated to ensure similar (if not identical) score distribution. Why Care About ACT Percentiles- EspeciallyPercentiles From Other Years? Your ACT percentile is important because it lets colleges compare your ACT score with those of other applicants (and, more generally, students across the country).Why is this important? If colleges looked at just your scaled score without any other information, they wouldn't have a clear sense of what makes a good ACT score and what makes a bad one. For example, if you got a 33 composite score and colleges didn't know your percentile, admissions officers might judge the ACT as a school test and think you got 33 out of 36- about 92% or an A-, which is good but not great. However, with ACT percentiles, colleges can know that a 33 is actually a 99th percentile score, meaning you scored better than 99% of test takers! Essentially, percentiles allow colleges to get a sense of how test takers perform on the ACT and allow them to compare you with students in the rest of the country. You should care about ACT percentiles from other years because you are applying to college with students who might have taken the ACT in other years, too.For example, although you might have taken the ACT in 2016 as a high school junior, some of your classmates applying to the same colleges as youmight have taken it later in 2017 as seniors. Say you and your classmate both scored 33, but you took the ACT in 2015 and he took it in 2016. Your score places you in the 99th percentile but puts him in the 98th percentile. This makes your 33 just slightly more impressive than his. ComparingACT percentiles for specific scaled scores across years is useful to know how you stack up against students who took the ACT a different year but are applying to the same colleges and at the same time as you. While percentile scores are important, theACT score rangefor your target college is the more important consideration. The ACT score range for colleges is the range in which the middle 50% of admitted students’ ACT scores fall.For instance, Yale’s ACT score range is 32-35- meaning 25% of admitted students scored at or below 32, and 75% scored at or below 35. Universities rely primarily on score ranges when making admissions decisions. For this reason, you’ll want your score to be at or above the 75th percentile (for example, 35 for Yale) to give yourself the best chance of being admitted. To find ACT score ranges for your schools, search â€Å"[School Name] ACT scores PrepScholar.†For a more detailed explanation, with tips on how to calculate your target score, readour guide to what a good ACT score is. The main reasons colleges care about their particular score ranges over national ACT percentiles are as follows: A college’s ACT score range is often a consideration in college ranking lists. As a result, colleges want to admit students with higher ACT scores so that they will be ranked higher. Colleges publish their score ranges each year. Thus,the higher the score range, the more impressive it seems to the public. While ACT score percentiles are an important part of the college admissions process, your final ACT composite score is the number that is most significant. OK, maybe not this historical. Historical ACT Percentiles for 20-2018 Below, I’ve listed the ACT score percentiles for each composite scaled score from 20-2018. I used data provided by ACT, Inc.,to assemble this and the charts below (for the percentiles for individual sections). Remember, apercentile is the percentage of test takers who scored at or below a certain scaled ACT score. ACT Score 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 20 36 100 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 35 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 34 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 33 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 99 32 97 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 31 95 95 96 96 96 97 97 97 30 93 93 94 94 95 95 95 95 29 91 91 92 92 92 93 93 93 28 89 88 89 89 90 91 90 91 27 86 85 86 86 87 87 87 87 26 82 82 83 82 83 84 83 83 25 78 78 79 78 79 79 79 79 24 74 73 74 73 74 75 74 74 23 69 68 69 68 68 69 68 68 22 63 63 64 62 62 63 62 62 21 58 57 58 56 56 56 55 55 20 51 51 51 50 50 50 48 48 19 45 44 45 43 43 43 41 41 18 39 38 39 37 36 36 34 34 17 32 31 32 30 30 30 28 28 16 26 25 26 24 24 24 21 22 15 20 19 19 18 18 18 16 16 14 14 13 14 12 12 12 13 8 7 8 7 7 8 6 7 12 4 3 4 3 4 4 3 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ACT English Historical Percentiles 20-2018 Below, I’ve listed the ACT score percentiles for each English scaled score from 20 to 2018. ACT English Score 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 20 36 100 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 35 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 34 97 97 98 98 98 99 99 98 33 95 95 96 96 97 97 97 97 32 93 93 94 95 95 95 96 96 31 92 92 93 93 93 94 94 94 30 91 91 91 91 92 92 92 92 29 88 88 89 89 90 90 90 90 28 87 86 88 87 87 88 88 88 27 85 84 85 84 85 86 86 85 26 82 81 82 82 82 83 82 82 25 79 79 79 78 79 79 78 78 24 75 74 75 73 74 75 74 73 23 70 69 70 69 69 70 68 67 22 64 64 65 63 64 64 63 63 21 59 58 59 58 58 59 57 56 20 53 53 53 52 52 52 50 49 19 47 47 47 46 45 45 43 43 18 43 43 43 41 40 40 38 38 17 39 39 39 36 36 36 33 34 16 35 34 35 32 32 32 29 29 15 29 29 29 27 27 26 24 24 14 23 22 23 21 21 21 18 18 13 18 17 17 16 6 16 14 14 12 14 13 14 3 13 13 12 10 10 10 10 10 9 9 10 6 6 7 7 7 7 6 6 9 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 8 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ACT Math Historical Percentiles 20-2018 Below, I’ve listed the ACT score percentiles for each Math scaled score from 20 to 2018. ACT Math Score 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 20 36 100 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 35 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 34 97 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 33 95 98 98 98 98 98 98 98 32 93 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 31 92 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 30 91 95 95 95 95 95 95 94 29 88 93 94 93 93 94 93 93 28 87 91 91 91 91 92 91 91 27 85 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 26 82 83 84 83 84 84 84 84 25 79 78 79 78 78 79 78 79 24 75 73 75 73 73 73 73 73 23 70 68 69 68 67 67 66 67 22 64 63 64 62 61 61 60 60 21 59 59 59 58 57 56 54 55 20 53 55 56 54 53 52 51 51 19 47 51 52 49 49 48 46 46 18 43 46 47 43 44 42 40 41 17 39 38 40 37 37 36 34 434 16 35 29 30 27 28 27 25 26 15 29 18 18 16 15 15 14 14 14 23 8 8 7 6 6 5 5 13 18 3 4 3 2 2 2 2 12 14 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 10 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ACT Reading Historical Percentiles 20-2018 Below, I’ve listed the ACT percentiles for each Reading scaled score from 20 to 2018. ACT Reading Score 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 20 36 100 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 35 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 34 97 97 98 98 98 99 98 99 33 95 95 96 97 97 97 97 97 32 93 93 94 94 95 95 95 95 31 90 90 91 92 92 93 93 93 30 88 88 89 89 89 90 90 90 29 85 85 86 86 86 87 87 87 28 83 82 83 83 84 84 85 85 27 80 79 81 80 81 82 82 82 26 77 77 78 77 78 79 78 79 25 74 74 74 74 74 76 75 75 24 71 70 71 71 71 72 71 71 23 66 65 66 66 66 66 66 66 22 60 60 60 60 61 62 60 61 21 54 53 56 54 56 56 55 55 20 48 48 48 48 48 49 48 48 19 43 42 43 42 42 43 42 42 18 37 37 37 36 35 37 36 36 17 31 30 31 30 31 31 29 30 16 27 26 26 25 25 26 24 25 15 22 21 22 20 20 21 20 20 14 17 16 16 15 16 16 15 15 13 12 12 12 12 10 10 12 8 7 7 7 7 8 7 7 4 5 4 3 4 4 3 3 10 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ACT ScienceHistorical Percentiles 20-2018 Below, I’ve listed the ACT score percentiles for each Science scaled score from 20 to 2018. ACT Science Score 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 20 36 100 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 35 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 34 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 33 97 97 98 98 98 99 99 99 32 96 96 97 97 97 98 98 98 31 95 95 96 95 96 97 97 97 30 94 94 94 94 95 96 96 96 29 92 92 92 93 93 94 95 95 28 91 90 89 92 92 92 93 93 27 88 88 86 89 90 90 91 90 26 86 85 83 87 86 87 87 87 25 82 82 79 82 83 84 83 83 24 77 77 74 76 77 77 77 77 23 70 70 69 69 70 70 69 70 22 64 63 64 62 63 64 62 62 21 56 55 58 55 55 57 55 56 20 49 49 51 48 48 48 47 47 19 42 41 45 40 41 40 38 38 18 36 35 39 33 32 33 31 31 17 29 28 32 27 27 26 24 24 16 23 22 26 22 21 22 19 20 15 18 16 19 16 16 17 15 15 14 14 12 14 12 13 13 12 13 10 8 8 9 9 10 8 8 12 6 5 4 6 6 7 6 6 3 3 2 3 4 4 4 4 10 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 What’s Next? Got more questions about ACT scores? Learn about what qualifies asa good ACT score for your collegeandhow to calculate your target score. Already got an ACT score goal? Then tryour 15 top tips for taking the ACTorour 20-hour prep guide. Finally, make sure you're studyingthe right way with our guide to reviewing your mistakes. Disappointed with your ACT scores? Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Dharma in Buddhism and Hinduism Essay Example

Dharma in Buddhism and Hinduism Essay Example Dharma in Buddhism and Hinduism Paper Dharma in Buddhism and Hinduism Paper The beginning of this class consists of two sections, Hinduism and Buddhism, both of which we have learned a lot about. Within these religions we see some differences and some similarities that one could relate the two with, and one of those is the term Dharma. When examining Dharma in both Hinduism and Buddhism, people may notice that they are somewhat similar, but they will also see that there even more differences within this term. To better understand this term, we must first define it within the religion and then see what they have in common with one another, if nything at all, and finally notice where the big differences are between them. Dharma is a powerful word, but some may see it differently then others depending on their religion, or their understanding of the religion at hand. So to better understand this term we must first define the term specific to each religion. First we look at Hinduism, here Dharma is defined as, the most basic concept of Hinduism. It is a wide-ranging term for righteousness, law, duty, moral teachings, religion itself, or the order in the universe. (Voorst, 72). It goes on to say that, Dharma is also the god ho embodies and promotes right order and living(Voorst, 72). This in itself is not especially self-explanatory, but we will go into further detail after learning the meaning of the word in the Buddhist religion. The meaning for Dharma for Buddhists is quite different, this world view the dharma, law, teaching about the universe and the release from it. (Voorst, 1 19), so Just looking at the definitions we can see that they can relate but we need to look further to see the differences. First we look at how these two religions use the term Dharma in the same way. We an start with the laws and teachings within the religions, and how they can go hand in hand with one another. The purpose is to guide the followers in a way of living, to provide for a better reincarnation. In Hinduism the teachings are passed down year after year for centuries in order for people to follow, so that at the end of life, they can come back as a better (or worse depending on the way in which they lived) living creature. Then in Buddhism it follows the same guidelines, to teach the ways in which to live the best life. Which brings us to the next commonality between the religions, which is the art of reincarnation. Both the Hindus and Buddhists follow a cycle of reincarnation (samsara), to follow the religious recommendations in hope that the next life they live is better then the one this time around, and ever moving forward toward one day finding their way out of rebirth called: moksha in Hindu terms and nirvana in Buddhist terms. After learning the basic ways of the religions and how they can go hand in hand, we have to look at what makes them a religion apart. While we can for sure see these religions can relate to one another, we need to look further to get the difference. The main difference is the way in which the eachings are learned and understood. In Hinduism the teachings come from being passed on over time, and having specific duties; as to where and who you are in life, specific to ones place in the world; ones social position or caste membership, stage of life or gender(Voorst, 72). This is showing that Dharma of a wife is very different from that of her husband or child, and a worriers dharma is very different of that of a teachings of Buddha himself, to believe that, he taught his followers to think for themselves and carefully examine the teachings of the religion to determine what is ight for them(Voorst, 106). So we can see that in one religion we have life set out the way it should be lived and in the other people are free to live the way that they see fit within their religion. The next main difference is the actual being of the dharma. In Hinduism Dharma is not only seen as the way in which people should live, but also as the god Vishnu or Rama. Here we see the term dharma as, the preserver of dharma who takes worldly form (avatara) to combat threats to dharma,(lecture, 9/16). It was also said that, Rama, was a heroic king who, along with his spouse exemplifies harma,(lecture, 9/16). This is very different then that of the Buddhists, because they believe that, what Buddha discovered, is that which makes him the awakened one,(lecture, 9/23) So we see that it is somewhat of the reverse from Hinduism, because it is not represented or upheld through gods, but that which brought them their god to worship. So again we see clearly that these two religions are not as closely related as people may think. After spending a good amount of time, it is easy to see that the two meanings of dharma are different within the same context outline. They both deal with the rights nd wrongs of the people within the religion, and they both have, in one aspect, the same meaning; law and teachings. But when we gape deeper into the word, the way of life in Hinduism is dharma, but the Buddhist Just follow certain aspects of dharma in their religion. In both religions the word dharma is very important to understand and follow, but even more important is the understanding of all the things that fall within its meanings and the other words that are connected to it. So to say it bluntly, these religions may follow a similar path, but have very different directions of that path to be followed.

Major Container Shipping Lines of Singapore and Port Klang Research Paper

Major Container Shipping Lines of Singapore and Port Klang - Research Paper Example Often, intra-port competition is beneficial to everyone involved, most often those being the users of the port and the governmental body of the region. This kind of competition is dependent on the vessel volumes, which may or may not be enough to allow more than one company to run their business in an optimal fashion. The transhipment container trade concerns each region where ports are striving to realize higher supply and demand. In the South Asian region, Singapore and Klang ports are competing with Tan Jung ports and the Port of Rotterdam is in competition with Antwerp and Hamburg. The competition is fierce, but there are no interchangeable ports and none of them functions on a zero cost effective manner.Often, intra-port competition is beneficial to everyone involved, most often those being the users of the port and the governmental body of the region. This kind of competition is dependent on the vessel volumes, which may or may not be enough to allow more than one company to ru n their business in an optimal fashion. The transhipment container trade concerns each region where ports are striving to realize higher supply and demand. In the South Asian region, Singapore and Klang ports are competing with Tan Jung ports and the Port of Rotterdam is in competition with Antwerp and Hamburg. The competition is fierce, but there are no interchangeable ports and none of them functions on a zero cost effective manner.There are three different categories of port competition.

History wk10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

History wk10 - Essay Example Whitten (1993) suggested that infusing Black psychologists into an introductory course will help students understand the social, economic and political factors on human development. I believe this is important because we tend to have a narrow view of the world that only encompasses those areas that we know well. We need to expand our thinking and take a look at how feminists, Black, cross-cultural, gay/lesbians and other look at the world. Talking about these issues in a class will make them more important to the student. Globalization impacts psychology because there are so many different issues that influence an individual's mental health. Arnett (2002) points out that globalization impacts every aspect of human life. He specifically looks at how this impacts adolescents but it is important as scholar practitioners to look at how people are impact. As a teacher and scholar practitioner, I would bring in many different types of issues so that my students could take a look and learn empathy for different situations. I believe that adding DVDs, extra readings and such would insure that students gained a well rounded understanding of why many different multicultural issues were important to the study of psychology. References Arnett, J.J. (2002).

Leadership Communication Styles Inventory Essay Example for Free

Leadership Communication Styles Inventory Essay As a manager or leader of an organization of any kind, the power and ability to effectively lead others are in the choices made to build a healthy, motivational, and productive relationship with people on your team. We all influence others in some way, its Just that we seldom realize that we do or how we do it. Power in the workplace has traditionally been defined as force, dominance, assertiveness, strength, invincibility, and authority. In forward thinking corporations, power requires a commitment and a plan of action (Hale, 2010). Power and influence are somewhat interchangeable. Power is the capacity of a person, team, or organization to influence others. Power is not the act of changing someonws attitudes or behavior; it is only the potential to do so. You might feel powerful or think you have power over someone else, but this is not power unless you truly have the capacity to influence that person (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). One of the hardest lessons of management is that practically everything that has to be done must be done by others. Manager ¤Ã‚ ¬ws duties not only include directing employees ut controlling the budget, assets, and other Jobs within the organization as well. Leadership is the ability to get people to do what they don ¬wt want to do and like it. In other words, the core problem for leaders in any organization involves getting others to do what is required to accomplish the organization ¤es goals (Michelson). The concept of power and its application to leadership and management has gotten a bad reputation. Terms such as power hungry, abuse of power and corrupted by power have diluted powerws real use and meaning and deprived some leaders f the opportunity to understand and use various forms of power to good purposes (Wood, 2010). I like to believe people misuse their power simply because they have it and are unaware of it. When used in a positive, moral, and ethical manner, power is an excellent resource. It requires the perception of dependence, so people might gain power by convincing others that they have something of value, whether or not they actually control that resource. Consequently power exists when others believe that you control resources they want (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 010). People rely on their emotion more frequently than they realize to make decisions, so to become a more powerful influencer, it is wise to consider othews values, personality, and intelligence and express confidence in the personws ability to accomplish the Job. The type of power applied affects the type of influence the power holder has over the other person or work unit. Everyone has power and I d believe that to be a bad thing. The issue becomes what kind of power a person has and how it is used. The most powerful source is based on one osition within an organization and the authority given in that position (Wood, 2010). An abusive boss can lose respect and influence from their team members. As a leader, your influence and power are not only about getting the Job done, itws about the relationships you develop in the workplace. A supervisor on my Job is retiring in a couple ot months and it seems ner whole attitude and demeanor nas changed. She seems to be on a quest to get all the people she wants out of the company and all that she wants promoted before she leaves. The influence and respect that she once possessed is no longer apparent or given to her and the orale in the office is very low. Her tactics to get the Job done are threatening, humiliating, and demeaning for some of the employees. They are afraid to go above her for the fear of retaliation, so they wait and hope that their Jobs are safe until she retires. French and Raven, social psychologists, identified five sources of power legitimate, coercive, reward, expert, and referent that help the dependent person directly or indirectly achieve his or her goals. Legitimate, reward and coercive are sources of power granted formally by the organization and informally by co-workers; hey are positional powers (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). Legitimate power is an agreement among organizational members that people in certain roles can request certain behaviors of others. It depends on mutual agreement from those expected to abide by this authority (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). True and lasting power comes from being a leader worthy of respect and admiration. If you treat people with dignity and respect, you will build a trusting relationship and people will look up to you, listen to what you say, and want to be like you. Reward power derived from the person ability to control the allocation of rewards valued by others and to remove negative sanctions. Managers have power over the distribution of organizational rewards such as pay, promotions, time off, vacation schedules, and work assignments (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). This power comes with the position and can be taken away if the position is removed. Coercive power is the ability to apply punishment. Employees also have coercive power to ensure that co-workers conform to team norms (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). You have this kind of power when youwre in a position to punish others if they don ¬wt do what you want. People fear the consequences of not doing what has been asked of them. Expert and referent powers are based on an individuws personal power. These powers are based on charisma, likeability, and positive feelings the leader generates among subordinates (Wood, 2010). There is research suggesting that charismatic leadership is negatively related to harmful behaviors in the workplace. For example, transformational leadership was negatively associated with safety accidents which harisma is a large component of (Hale, 2010). These powers originate from the power holders characteristics and are power bases brought to the organization. Expert power is an individualws or work uws capacity to influence others by possessing knowledge or skills that others value (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). This power is based on what you know and will quickly gain you respect and influence in the workplace. It is all about knowing your Job and doing it well and not being afraid in learning all that you can. It could potentially be the basis for a managerial role for an employee. Referent power is a function ofa perso ¬ws interpersonal skills which allows others to identify with them, like them, or respect them and is associated with charismatic leadership (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). People are well liked and are considered role models because of their connection and concern for other people. People who are well-liked and respected nave a tremendous amount ot reterent power. A wise leader knows now and when to apply the right amount of power to influence an individual, group, or situation to move an agenda forward (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). In order to be an effective leader, a person cannot rely solely on either of these positions of power. Leading by example, offering rewards, or threatening punishments all can be used as power tools to accomplish goals, however more power can be gained by sharing it among the team in a more subtle and counterintuitive way (Wood, 2010). If you want your team to be ethical and respectful of each other, I believe the example should start from the top. Using influence tactics well requires a healthy combination of interpersonal, communication, presentation, and assertiveness techniques, verbal skills such as asserting, probing, ersisting, speaking conversationally, and willingness to ask for favors ( (Selling and Persuaion Techniques ). Influence refers to any behavior that attempts to alter someonws attitudes or behaviors (McShane, Steven L, Mary Ann Von Glinow, 2010). You may try to exert your influence through coercion and manipulation and you might even get things done but that isn ¬wt really influencing. Thatws forcing people to do what you want them to do and often against their will. Effective leaders use combinations of various strategies for different purposes under different onditions which can be classified under three categories: retribution, reciprocation, and reason (Michelson).

The Beanie Baby Craze :: Beanie Babies Obsession Essays

The Beanie Baby Craze â€Å"When you have something intended as innocent fun for children, you can count on adults to turn it into an obsessive, grotesquely over commercialized ‘hobby’† It all started with Cabbage Patch Kids, parents paying top dollar for those plastic headed and not so cute dolls. The next big wave to hit was the Tickle Me Elmo a character from Sesame Street, who you could squeeze and it would laugh and jiggle. And now we are in the midst of a tidal wave, that’s right, the Beanie Baby Craze. These small bean bag animals, which were first produced in 1994 by the Illinois based Ty Co., are a huge hit with children and adults alike. People of the Beanie Baby movement will go to great extremes, and pay an obscene amount of money for one of these small animals, taking this â€Å"hobby† past the line into absurdity. A couple years ago when I was at a BBQ picnic, a little girl came up to me and tossed me a fish beanie baby, having never seen or heard of them I looked it over for a bit, then I lobbed it back to her and she ran off throwing it up in the air and dropping it each time. At that time I would never have thought that people would go mad over them. I feel a certain obligation to shed some light on the strange even ridiculous behavior that some of you display while partaking in this madness. For instance, there have been stories of people following the UPS deliverers around town to see which store will be getting the latest beanie babies. When they do find a store that carries the new ones usually others have also, creating a mad rush to get the one that they want. Children have had these toys snatched right out of their little hands in this frenzy, arguments even fights have erupted. Some of you Beanie Baby followers will even try deception to get as many of them as they can. A clerk at a toy store recounts a day when they had received a big shipment of new beanie babies. To be fair, a three Beanie limit had been established. One customer had bought her three, went home changed clothes, put on make-up, and changed her hairdo and went back to get three more.

Market Research Report Energy and Sports Drink Market Growth in Asia Essay

The changing consumer preferences, demand for functional beverages, increasing awareness towards healthy lifestyles and growing urban population in Asia would be the major factors that would drive the market in coming years. An increasing awareness towards healthy lifestyles has led to a transition in the taste and preferences of people in Asia. The young urban population has been the target customer for energy and sports drink brands in this region. The energy and sports drinks are majorly consumed by professional sports people, gym goers and by working professionals and students that require a special beverage in order to boost their energy and stay active. â€Å"The increasing participation of the health conscious people in sports and fitness activities has greatly impacted the growth trend of sports and energy drink market in Asia. The young population aged 25-35 years represents a potential group of customers for the energy and sports drink manufacturers in the region. † – According to the research report ‘Asia Energy and Sports Drink Market Outlook to 2017’ by Ken Research. The increasing media exposure towards sporting events on television has captured the attention of people, which in turn has encouraged the youth to adopt sports as a profession or as a hobby. This has impelled the growth of sports drinks in Asian countries over the last few years. Sports drinks market in Asia is dominated by famous brands such as Gatorade, Powerade and Pocari Sweat. Red Bull majorly has dominated the energy drink market in the region. Red Bull has effectively maintained a strong distribution channel in various countries in Asia such as in India, China, Japan, Thailand and in South Korea. The energy and sports drink market is anticipated to be driven by the growing trend of health and fitness is expected to create significant demand in Asian countries. The consumer expenditure on food and non-alcoholic beverages is expected to surge in the region owing to the rise in disposable incomes of the people. The rising awareness about fitness and health benefits among the people in the region will encourage more people to join fitness and sports clubs which will drive the demand and consumption of energy and sports drink in the coming years. The report provides detailed overview on the energy and sports drink market in Asia and help reader to identify the ongoing trends in the key segments of the industry and anticipated growth in future depending upon changing industry dynamics in coming years. The report will aid industry consultants, food and beverage service companies and marketing companies and other stakeholders to align their market centric strategies according to ongoing and expected trends in future. For More Details Please Click On Following Link: http://www. kenresearch. com/agriculture-food-beverages/beverages/asia-energy-and-sports-drink-market-research-report/429-104. html http://www. kenresearch. com/press/news-asia-energy-and-sports-drink-market/211. html Related Links: http://www. kenresearch. com/agriculture-food-beverages/beverages/japan-energy-and-sports-drink-market-research-report/432-104.html http://www. kenresearch. com/agriculture-food-beverages/beverages/south-korea-energy-and-sports-drink-market-research-report/433-104. Html http://www. kenresearch. com/agriculture-food-beverages/beverages/india-energy-and-sports-drink-market-research-report/431-104. html http://www. kenresearch. com/agriculture-food-beverages/beverages/thailand-energy-and-sports-market-research-report/434-104. html http://www. kenresearch. com/agriculture-food-beverages/beverages/china-energy-and-sports-drink-market-research-report/430-104. html.

Made for India

While consumers across the world are seeing a growing number of â€Å"Made in India† labels on the goods they buy, Indian shoppers are witnessing a more subtle change. Increasingly, multinational companies are selling products that are not just made in — but that are made for — India. Entire generations of Indian consumers, who once felt grateful simply for being able to experience the same brands as the rest of the world, are now realizing they can ask for products that cater to their wants and needs. And they stand a good chance of getting what they want. â€Å"The willingness of big brands to customize their products was never the issue,† says Harminder Sahni, managing director of Technopak Advisors India, one of the country's largest management consultancies. â€Å"What has changed is that the Indian market has finally reached a critical mass — after the U. S. and China, this is the largest consumer market in the world — that justifies the investment. † That wasn't always the case. Before the Indian economy opened up in the early 1990s, â€Å"imported† goods were a sought-after commodity, their foreignness often being their most desirable attribute. Not surprisingly, then, many multinationals didn't think success would require much effort when their brands finally entered the country after 1991. Things have changed. As Indian consumers became more aware of trends and advancements in technology, they began to demand similar sophistication. More important, they wanted products built to their needs. That meant not just automobiles, household appliances and consumer electronics, but also mobile phones, foods and apparel. â€Å"Earlier, there was a reverence for anything foreign because local products were of terrible quality,† says Abraham Koshy, professor of marketing at the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad (IIMA). â€Å"But as the market developed, the focus started shifting from the product to the brand. Customers started patronizing a brand only if the product suited them. So the need arose for companies to adjust their products to customers' requirements. † It isn't only about holding on to existing customers. If altering a product's design or introducing a variant will help a brand reach out to an additional customer group, most companies would think it worth the investment. â€Å"Brands that establish their relevance with customers do well,† says Shripad Nadkarni, director of MarketGate Consulting, a Mumbai-based marketing and brand consultancy. The increasing use of third-party sourcing helps further the customization cause; companies can simply take on additional local suppliers who will adapt the products for different markets and customer groups. Of course, localization doesn't work for all products. Many high-end luxury goods, for instance, rely on their country-of-origin tag to enhance their brand appeal. A â€Å"Made in India† label on these products would be disastrous, says Technopak's Sahni. Koshy adds that products where the unit consumption is low may not justify huge outlays on customization.

Continental Congress essays

Continental Congress essays Ø May 10. Second Continental Congress convenes in Philadelphia. Ø June 14. Continental Congress creates Continental Army Ø July. Congress offers the Olive Branch Petition in attempt at reconciliation with king. Ø American armies march on Montreal and Quebec. Ø January1. Americans lose assault on Quebec. Ø January. Thomas Paines Common Sense published. Ø July 4. Declaration of independence adopted. The British defeated the French and their Indian allies in the French and Indian War (1754-1763). The result was British control over much of North America. But the war had cost England a great deal of money and Parliament decided it was time for the Colonies to pay a share for their own defense. The American Revolution became inevitable as far back as 1643 when the New England Confederation of Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven were formed for defense against Indians and the Dutch. In 1754 representatives of seven northern colonies met at Albany, N.Y. to consider plans for a permanent union of all colonies for defense against the French and Indians and for other purposes, however, the time was not right for a union. After England won the French and Indian war in 1763, England turned its attention to ways of increasing government revenues to pay the war debt. England believed that the best way to increase funds was to further tax the colonies. It imposed Navigation Acts of 1651, 1660, 1672, 1696, the Molasses Act of 1733 and the Sugar Act of 1764. It required that most of the trade of the British colonies be carried on in British or colonial ships so that all tax collection could be controlled. The frontiersmen found that a Royal Proclamation of 1763 halted their expansion westward stopping them at a line created at the Appalachians. Open opposition to all of these acts became serious when the Stamp Act of 1 ...

French Verbs - To Take - Amener - Prendre

French Verbs - To Take - Amener - Prendre Confusing French Verbs The English verb to take has several French equivalents, so take a few minutes to learn the difference. Prendre Prendre  is the general, all-purpose French equivalent of to take. It is used to talk about taking something from a place or from someone, taking transportation, taking something to eat, taking a size, etc. Jai pris son livre sur la table.   I took his book from the table. Prends la main de David.   Take Davids hand. Nous allons prendre le train.          Were going to take the train. Je prends un sandwich, sil vous plaà ®t.   Ill take a sandwich, please. Il prend une taille 14 en chemise.   He takes a size 14 shirt. Prenez votre temps.   Take your time. Amener Amener  means to take someone or something  with you.* Jai amenà © mon frà ¨re la fà ªte.   I took my brother to the party Amenons le chien la plage.   Lets take the dog to the beach. Il na pas amenà © la voiture.   He didnt take the car. *Note:  Amener  is part of another set of confusing pairs:  Amener, emmener, apporter, emporter. Other equivalents of to take: Accepter  To take in the sense of  to tolerate  or  to acceptIl nacceptera pas un refus.  He wont take no for an answer.Enlever -  To take something  off,  out,  awaJai enlevà © mon chapeau.  I took my hat off.Qui va enlever les chaises?  Who will take the chairs away? Passer un examen   To take a test Il a passà © trois examens hier.   He took three tests yesterday. Note that  passer  is a  false cognate  here. To pass a test   Rà ©ussir un exame Tirer  (familiar)   To take in the sense of  to steal Quelquun ma tirà © mon portefeuille  !   Someone took my wallet!

Lying is never right Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lying is never right - Essay Example According to Webster, to lie is â€Å"1: to make an untrue statement with intent to deceive; 2: to create a false or misleading impression.† Lying, as defined by St. Thomas Aquinas, â€Å"a statement at variance with the mind†, is more accurate than Webster’s â€Å"to create a false or misleading impression.† This is because, according to Webster, it is possible to lie without making a false statement and without any intention of deceiving. If a person makes a statement which he thinks is false, but in reality is true, he certainly lies inasmuch as he intends to say what is false. A well-known liar may have no intention of deceiving anyone - for he knows nobody believes a word he says – but if he speaks at variance with his mind, he does not cease to lie. someone. An officious or white lie is such that it does not injure anyone. Jocose lies are told for the purpose of affording amusement. When a habit of lying has been contracted, it is practically impossible to restrict its vagaries to matters which are harmless. Therefore, although injury to others is excluded from officious and jocose lies by definition, yet realistically there is no sort of lie which is not injurious to somebody. According to Catholic teachings, an injurious lie is a mortal sin, but officious and jocose lies are of their own nature, venial sins. Telling the truth is not the easiest course of action to follow. On the contrary, telling the truth is often difficult, and frequently leads to unpleasant consequences. A major disturbing thought for us is that Christians, of all people, need to lie. Where are our Christian principles? â€Å"Wherefore putting away lying, speak every man truth with his neighbor: for we are members one of another.† (Ephesians 4:25). God makes it clear that â€Å"all liars shall have their part in the lake that burns with fire and brimstone,

American Government Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

American Government - Research Paper Example Lynda (2000) asserts that, politicians use newspapers, television, radio, and the internet in seeking support from voters and influencing public opinions. Television in America has been entwined with every political process, ranging from coverage of key political events and organizations to effects on political campaigns and elections. Currently political advertising in America is the main form of communication between voters and candidates. Election candidates use television spots and television debates to sell their policies to the electorate (Richard, 1998). Through television, candidates are able to defend themselves against false accusations, for example, corruption charges. Also, television exposes the conduct of various candidates, thus enabling the public to access this information. Television acts as a public watchdog on government activities; television keeps an eye on the governing process and government institutions. Coverage of political processes on television has a more impact on political campaigns and elections as compared to other political processes. Most Americans relies on television news, television debates, and television spots to obtain information about politics. Through coverage of political processes on television, candidates are able to enhance, sell, and influence the views of their policies (Lynda, 2000). On the other hand, voters are able to analyze policies of various candidates thereby influencing on the outcome of the election (Lynda, 2000). The following are the reasons of using television spots in political advertising. First, spots overcome partisan selectivity; the spots are usually seen by all voters regardless of their parties. Second, electorate learns more about political issues from television spots than from television debates and news. Third, an election candidate and his/her campaign team directly control the content of the television spots. Fourth, television spots can reach a much